隨著我國經濟快速發展,國民收入分配出現明顯的兩極分化。近些年,在城鄉居民收入比高居不下的同時,農村內部居民收入差距也在加速擴大,農民處于明顯的收入嚴重低下的地位。經濟快速發展的道路上出現如此尷尬的局面,很顯然對未來經濟、社會發展是非常不利的。導致我國農民收入低的原因眾多,如農業的產業性特征、制度因素和政策因素不合理等等。然而,隨著我國市場經濟的進一步完善和成熟,市場機制以及與此相應的價格機制對農民收入的影響會越來越大,農產品價格以及農民勞動要素價格的高低將成為影響農民收入的非常重要或基礎性的因素。
本文首先從理論出發,對國內外關于價格與收入的相關理論進行集中梳理,并對當前國內外關于農產品價格與農民收入的理論進行分析評述。其次,結合我國改革開放以來農產品價格和農民收入的歷史數據,對兩者的發展歷程及現狀特點進行描述分析。再次,基于均衡價格理論,分析農產品價格上漲與農民增收的相關性;橫向對比美國、澳大利亞、中國、菲律賓、肯尼亞和布基納法索六個國家,以及縱向對比我國各個發展階段農產品價格和農民收入的變動情況;并以糧食為例,通過協整與誤差修正模型定量分析農產品價格變動對農民收入的實際影響程度,從理論和實證兩個方面嚴謹深入地論證了農產品價格上漲與農民增收之間具有正向相關關系。此外,筆者根據現階段我國農產品價格與農民收入的發展現狀對兩者未來的發展趨勢進行了預測,認為農民收入短期內仍會隨著農產品價格絕對上漲,并且增速周期性波動擴大;但從長期來看,農民可能會由于農產品價格相對增速波動走低,而面臨減收。最后,基于全文研究成果提出促進農產品價格相對合理上漲的對策建議,主要包括:保證農產品市場供給平穩和農產品價格大體穩定,防止“谷賤傷農”;降低農業生產成本,促進農產品價格相對上漲;改善農產品的供給結構,形成“物以稀為貴”.
關鍵詞:農產品價格 相對上漲 農民收入
Abstract
With the rapid economic development of our country, the distribution of nationalincome is starting to polarize apparently. In recent years, when the income ratio ofurban and rural residents remains high, the income gap among rural residents is alsoexpanding increasingly and the income of farmers is in a seriously low position. Theappearance of such awkward situation on path of rapid economic development issignificantly unfavorable to economic and social development in future. Many factorslead to the low income of farmers, such as the industrial character of agriculture, theunreasonable regimen and policy and so on. However, with the perfection andmaturing of market-oriented economy in China, market mechanism andcorresponding price mechanism will play a more important role affecting the incomeof farmers, the price of agricultural products and the labor price of farmers willbecome the vital or fundamental factor in affecting farmers' income.
Starting from the theory, this paper firstly combs the related theory of price andincome both domestic and abroad, and reviews the theory of agricultural price andfarmers' income. Second, we descriptively analyze the development path, the currentsituation and characteristic of the agricultural price and farmers' income based ontheir historical data. Third, based on equilibrium price theory, this paper discusses thecorrelation between rising price of agricultural products and the income growth offarmers. Then we do a lateral comparison of agricultural price and farmers' incomeamong six countries: the United States, Australia, China, the Philippines, Kenya andBurkina Faso. And longitudinally compares the changes of agricultural price andfarmers' income of our country in different periods. Furthermore, take grain as anexample, analyze quantitatively the actual effects of price fluctuation on farmers'
income by using cointegration and error correction model. Therefore, we verifyrigorously and deeply that rising price of agricultural products and income growth offarmers are positively related from the theory and demonstration. Meanwhile, wemake forecast on the growing trend between agricultural price and farmers' incomeaccording to their status quo, and find out that in the short run farmers' income wouldincrease as the absolute price of agricultural products rise and the speed is expandingperiodically, while in the long run, farmers might face decreasing income as therelative rising speed of the agricultural price descends. Finally, based on the researchresults, this paper offers some policy suggestions to promote the reasonableincreasing of agricultural products relatively, which include ensuring the stablesupply of agricultural products and keeping the price at a reasonable level toprevent “Low grain price hurts the farmers”, reducing the agricultural production costto promote the relative rise of agricultural price and improving the supply structure ofagricultural products to accomplish “A thing is valued if it is rare”.
Key words: agricultural price farmers' income relatively increase
目 錄
第 1 章 引言
1.1 選題依據
1.1.1 選題來源
1.1.2 選題意義
1.1.3 國內外研究動態
1.2 研究方法與結構安排
1.2.1 研究方法
1.2.2 技術路線
1.2.3 全文研究架構
1.3 創新與不足
1.3.1 研究特色與創新
1.3.2 不足之處
第 2 章 國內外關于農產品價格與農民收入相關性研究的理論綜述
2.1 經典西方經濟學理論關于價格與收入相關性的理論綜述
2.1.1 以勞動價值論為基礎的相關理論
2.1.2 以“庸俗”價值論為基礎的相關理論
2.1.3 以均衡價格論為基礎的相關理論
2.2 當前國內外關于農產品價格與農民收入相關性的理論綜述
2.2.1 農產品價格上漲與農民增收正強相關
2.2.2 農產品價格上漲與農民增收正弱相關
2.2.3 農產品價格上漲與農民增收負相關
第 3 章 農民收入與農產品價格的基本概念及我國現階段兩者關系的基本概況
3.1 農民、農民收入和農產品價格的概念界定
3.1.1 農民
3.1.2 農民收入
3.1.3 農產品價格
3.2 我國農民收入與農產品價格的現狀分析
3.2.1 改革開放以來我國農民收入與農產品價格的發展歷程
3.2.2 現階段我國農民收入與農產品價格的特點
第 4 章 農產品價格相對上漲對農民增收影響的理論分析與實證驗證
4.1 農產品價格與農民收入的相關性
4.1.1 農產品價格與農民收入的基本關系
4.1.2 國際統計數據對農產品價格和農民收入相互關系的說明
4.2 現階段影響我國農產品價格的主要因素
4.2.1 引起我國農產品整體價格上漲的主要原因
4.2.2 引起我國農產品價格波動增大的主要因素
4.3 我國農產品價格上漲與農民增收之間的相關性--以糧食為例
4.4 我國農產品價格對農民收入影響程度的實證驗證
4.4.1 變量、模型及數據的選取
4.4.2 實證方法說明
4.4.3 實證分析
4.5 未來我國農產品價格與農民收入的發展趨勢分析
4.5.1 未來我國農產品價格的發展趨勢分析
4.5.2 未來我國農民收入發展趨勢分析
第 5 章 結論與對策建議
5.1 結論
5.2 目前我國農產品價格及農業收入中存在的問題
5.3 促進農產品相對合理上漲的對策建議
5.3.1 保證農產品市場供給平穩和農產品價格的大體穩定,防止“谷賤傷農”
5.3.2 降低農業生產成本,促進農產品價格相對上漲
5.3.3 改善農產品供給結構,形成“物以稀為貴”
參考文獻
致 謝